Methods are a crucial concept in Java and are used to perform specific actions within a Java class. A method is a block of code that contains a series of statements and is executed when it is called from somewhere else in the program. In Java, methods are used to encapsulate the logic of a specific operation, making the code easier to read and maintain.

Here are the key details of methods in Java:

1. Syntax: The basic syntax of a method in Java is as follows:

[modifier] returnType methodName(parameter list) {
   //method body
}

• Modifier: The modifier can be public, private, protected, or no modifier (default), and it determines the visibility and accessibility of the method.
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• Return Type: The return type is the data type of the value that the method returns. If the method does not return a value, the return type should be void.
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• Method Name: The method name is an identifier that follows the same naming conventions as Java variables.
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• Parameter List: The parameter list is a comma-separated list of parameters that the method takes as input. Each parameter consists of a data type and a parameter name.
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• Method Body: The method body is a set of Java statements that define the logic of the method.

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3. Calling a Method: To call a method in Java, you simply use its name, followed by a pair of parentheses, with any required arguments enclosed within the parentheses. For example:
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public static void main(String[] args) {
   method1();
   int result = method2(5, 10);
   System.out.println("Result: " + result);
}

3. Method Overloading: Java allows you to define multiple methods with the same name within a single class, provided that each method has a unique parameter list. This feature is known as method overloading, and it allows you to write more concise and readable code. For example:
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public class MyClass {
   public void printMessage(String message) {
      System.out.println(message);
   }
   
   public void printMessage(String message, int times) {
      for (int i = 0; i < times; i++) {
         System.out.println(message);
      }
   }
}

4. Recursion: Java supports recursion, which is a technique where a method calls itself. Recursion is used to solve problems that can be broken down into smaller sub-problems of the same type. For example:
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public class MyClass {
   public static int factorial(int n) {
      if (n == 0) {
         return 1;
      }
      return n * factorial(n - 1);
   }
}

In conclusion, methods are an essential concept in Java and are used to encapsulate specific operations within a class. Understanding how to define, call, overload, and use recursive methods is an important aspect of Java programming.